If all U.S. government bonds are held by U.S. citizens, then?

If all the bonds of the U.S. government is in the hands of American citizens , then MedlinePlus one . no net change in national wealth , when changes in the national debt . MedlinePlus b. bondholders do not earn interest income. MedlinePlus c. government bonds are worthless . MedlinePlus d. tax debt to finance debt is not offset by interest income of bondholders . MedlinePlus e. no tax liability for debt financing . MedlinePlus MedlinePlus All of the following are the potential costs of the U.S. national debt Except MedlinePlus one . foreign held debt to be paid . MedlinePlus b. increased trade deficit . MedlinePlus c. lower inflation in the future. MedlinePlus d. higher interest rates that discourage private investment . MedlinePlus e. reduced national wealth in the future. MedlinePlus MedlinePlus If there are fewer companies offer new bonds to raise funds because public debt has increased interest rates , this would be an example of MedlinePlus MedlinePlus one . the balanced budget multiplier . MedlinePlus b. overestimating the tax multiplier . MedlinePlus c. Ricardian equivalence . MedlinePlus d. displacement . MedlinePlus e. increased consumption